He accomplished such a marvelous discovery by studying Avogadro’s number in liquid state systems.Ī molecule is the smallest particle in an element or a compound.
In 1926, Jean Perrin, a French physicist, received a noble prize for proving the existence of molecules. However, electrons, protons, and neutrons are regarded as fundamental particles of atoms. More than a hundred particles are thought to exist in an atom. Modern research of atoms shows subatomic particles like proton, neutron, electron, hyperon, neutrino, and antineutrino. He also introduced the symbol system for elements. A number of his values are close to the modern values of atomic masses. They have differences in their physical and chemical properties.įurther development came when Swedish chemist, Jons Jacob Berzelius determined the atomic masses of elements. Later in 1808, John Dalton recognized that matter is composed of atoms of different elements. It was also investigated how elements combined to form compounds and how these compounds can be broken down into their constituent elements. In the late 17 th century, a quantitative study led by Antoine Lavoisier and his coworkers disclosed that elements were the components of many different substances. This evidence of Democritus was based on theoretical research.
The word ‘atom’ is derived from the Greek word “ atomos”, which means indivisible. He also believed that atoms are uniform, incompressible solids, hard and that they are indestructible. The Greek scientist Democritus ( 460-370 B.C ) said that atoms are building blocks or smallest particles of matter. Examples of molecules are I 2, Cl 2, O 2, H 2, etc Explanation of atom
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